Sushruta Samhita Sharirasthana Chapter 9 Dhamani Vyäkaraņa Shariram (Description of Arteries)

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The ninth bankruptcy of Sharirasthana of Sushruta Samhita is known as as Dhamani Vyäkaraņa Shariram Adhyaya. This bankruptcy offers with Description of Arteries.

अथातो धमनीव्याकरणं शारीरं व्याख्यास्यामः ॥१ ॥
यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ॥२ ॥

We will now expound the bankruptcy by way of title Dhamanī vyakarana sarira detailed description of Arteries, as printed by way of the venerable Dhanvantari. Dhamani pratyekata, distinctness of arteries

Reasons for variations between dhamanis, siras and srotas

चतुर्विशतिर्धमन्यो नाभिप्रभवा अभिहिताः ।
तत्र केचिदाहुः – सिराधमनीस्रोत सामविभागः,
सिराविकारा एव हि धमन्यः स्रोतांसि चेति ।
तत्तु न सम्यक्,अन्या एव हि धमन्यः
केवलं तु परस्परसन्निकर्षात् सदृशागमकर्मत्वात् सौक्ष्याञ्च विभक्तकर्मणामप्यविभाग इव कर्मसु भवति ॥३ ॥

The undeniable fact that there are twenty-four dhamanis bobbing up from nabhi – umbilicus has been mentioned previous in 14th bankruptcy of Sutra Sthana of this treatise (Sushruta Samhita).

Commenting in this, some mavens opine that there’s no distinction between sira – veins, dhamanis – arteries and srotas – channels of the frame. According to them, dhamani and srotas are adjustments of siras handiest. But this view is mistaken.

Dhamani and srotas are other from the siras.

What is the rationale?

They are other on account of under discussed causes –

– Vyanjananyatva – they have got other options which displays that they’re other constructions

– Mula sanniyama – they vary of their numbers on the position in their beginning

– Karma vaisesya – they have got separated designated purposes i.e. they serve other purposes and the ones purposes are particular to each and every of them and

– Agama – description in scriptures i.e. treatises of Ayurveda, which describe them in a different way

In spite of those constructions appearing other purposes, they seem like detached from each and every different because of the under discussed causes –

– Sannikarsa – because of their proximity, they’re so close to to one another that they seem like one and the similar,

– Sadrsaagamatva – similarity of description of those constructions in texts of Ayurveda

– Sadrsakarmatva – similarity within the purposes they render and

– Saukshmya – all constructions being minute in nature

Dhamanī Vibhāga – ramifications of arteries

तासां तु खलु नाभिप्रभवाणां धमनीनामूर्ध्वगा दश,दश चाधोगामिन्यः,चतस्त्रस्तिर्यग्गाः ॥४ ॥

The ten dhamanis bobbing up from Nabhi – umbilicus takes other routes. Below discussed are the other direction of those ten dhamanis –

– Ten of them transfer upwards. They are referred to as Urdhwagami Dhamanis.

– Ten of them unfold downwards. They are referred to as Adhoga Dhamanis.

– The different 4 of them transfer sideward or take transverse path. They are referred to as Tiryakga Dhamanis.

Urdhvagădhamanī– arteries spreading upward

ऊर्ध्वगाः शब्दस्पर्शरूपरसगन्धप्रश्वासोच्छासजृम्भितक्षुद्धसितकथितरुदितादीन् विशेषानभिवहन्त्यः शरीरं धारयन्ति । तास्तु हृदयमभिप्रपन्नास्त्रिधा जायन्ते,तास्त्रिंशत् । तासांत वातपित्तकफशोणितरसान् द्वे द्वे वहतस्ता दश,शब्दरूपरसगन्धानष्टाभिर्गृह्णीते, द्वाभ्यां भाषते,
द्वाभ्यां घोषं करोति,द्वाभ्यां स्वपिति,द्वाभ्यां प्रतिबुध्यते,द्वे चाश्रुवाहिन्यौ,द्वे स्तन्यं स्त्रिया वहतः स्तनसंश्रिते,ते एव शुक्रं नरस्य स्तनाभ्यामभिवहतः;तास्त्वेतास्त्रिंशत् सविभागा व्याख्याताः ।
एताभिरूचं नाभेरुदरपार्श्वपृष्ठोरःस्कन्धग्रीवाबाहवो धार्यन्ते याप्यन्ते च ॥५॥
ऊर्ध्वंगमास्तु कुर्वन्ति कर्माण्येतानि सर्वशः ॥

Functions of the dhamanis spreading upwards –

The Urdhwaga Dhamanis which can be 10 in quantity and spreading upwards, improve and handle the purposes of the frame by way of getting to the under discussed purposes –

– Reception / belief of sensations of sound, contact, sight, style and scent by way of their respective sense organs

– Inspiration and expiration of air

– Yawning

– Sneezing

– Laughing,

– Talking,

– Crying and

– Many different such purposes

Each of those dhamanis after attaining the guts divide into 3 branches. Thus, they turn out to be thirty in quantity.

Of those,

– 2 dhamanis elevate vata

– 2 dhamanis elevate pitta

– 2 dhamanis elevate kapha

– 2 dhamanis elevate rakta

– 2 dhamanis elevate rasa

– 2 dhamanis elevate sensation of sound

– 2 dhamanis elevate sensation of sight

– 2 dhamanis elevate sensation of style

– 2 dhamanis elevate sensation of scent

– 2 dhamanis attend to talking in phrases

– 2 dhamanis attend to shouting out loud sounds with out phrases getting used

– 2 dhamanis attend to the serve as of snoozing

– 2 dhamanis attend to serve as of waking up

– 2 dhamanis elevate tears

– 2 dhamanis elevate breast milk within the breasts of ladies and 2 dhamanis elevate semen from the breasts in males

Thus, the thirty dhamanis are described in keeping with their divisions and purposes.

These dhamanis improve and handle the portions of the frame above the umbilicus together with stomach, flanks, again, chest, shoulders, neck, palms and so on. The urdhwa dhamanis carry out a majority of these discussed purposes during the lifestyles.

Adhoga Dhamanī – arteries spreading downward

अधोगमास्तु वक्ष्यामि कर्म चासां यथायथम् ॥६ ॥
अधोगमास्तु वातमूत्रपुरीषशुक्रातवादीन्यथो वहन्ति । तास्तु पित्ताशयमभिप्रपन्ना स्तत्रस्थमेवान्नपानरसं विपक्वमौष्ण्याद्विवेचयन्त्योऽभिवहन्त्यः शरीरं तर्पयन्ति,अर्पयन्ति चोर्ध्व गानां तिर्यग्गाणां च,रसस्थानं चाभिपूरयन्ति,मूत्रपुरीषस्वेदांश्च विवेचयन्ति;आमपक्वा शयान्तरे च त्रिधा जायन्ते,तास्त्रिंशत्;तासां तु वातपित्तकफशोणितरसान् द्वे द्वे वहतस्ता दश,द्वे अन्नवाहिन्यावन्त्राश्रिते,तोयवहे द्वे,मूत्रबस्तिमभिप्रपन्ने मूत्रवहे द्वे,शुक्रवहे द्वे,शुक्रप्रादुर्भावाय,द्वे विसर्गाय,ते एव रक्तमभिवहतो विसृजतश्च नारीणामार्तवसंज्ञ,द्वे वर्चोनिरसन्यौ स्थूलान्त्रप्रतिबद्धे,अष्टावन्यास्तिर्यग्गामिनीनां धमनीनां स्वेदमर्पयन्ति;तास्त्वेतास्त्रिंशत् सविभागाव्याख्याताः । एताभिरधोनाभेःपक्वाशयकटीमूत्रपुरीषगुदबस्तिमेढ्रसक्थीनिधार्यन्तेयाप्यन्तेच ॥७॥
भवतिचात्र:-
अधोगमास्तुकुर्वन्तिकर्माण्येतानिसर्वशः ॥

Functions of the dhamanis spreading downwards –

The Adhoga Dhamanis which can be 10 in quantity and spreading downwards, improve and handle the purposes of the frame by way of getting to the under discussed purposes –

Conveys flatus and so on – The dhamanis spreading in downward route put across flatus, urine, feces, semen and menstrual blood and so on. downwards.

Sara-kitta vibhajana – The essence of food and drink that we eat is known as as rasa dhatu. This rasa dhatu is shaped within the pittashaya i.e. seats of pitta which accommodates abdomen and small gut by way of the motion of warmth i.e. agni – the digestive hearth provide therein. The adhoga dhamanis on attaining the pittashaya, act upon this essence of foods and drinks and separates it into sara – crucial section and kitta – waste portions.

Supply of vitamins – those dhamanis put across the sara i.e. essence of the meals during the frame and nourishes the frame by way of supplying the vitamins provide within the rasa. They additionally provide the essence of meals to the urdhwa and tiryakga dhamanis and likewise fill the seat of rasa i.e. hrdaya – middle.

Bifurcation of mala – those dhamanis additionally separate the wastes together with urine, feces and sweat from the rasa.

Each of those dhamanis divide into 3 branches within the area between amashaya – abdomen and small gut and pakvasaya – colon. Thus, they turn out to be thirty in quantity.

Of those,

– 2 dhamanis elevate vata

– 2 dhamanis elevate pitta

– 2 dhamanis elevate kapha

– 2 dhamanis elevate rakta

– 2 dhamanis elevate rasa

– 2 dhamanis provide within the gut elevate anna i.e. meals present process digestion

– 2 dhamanis elevate toya – the water portion produced all through digestion

– 2 dhamanis provide within the urinary bladder elevate urine

– 2 dhamanis provide within the testes produce sukra – semen (the similar choice of dhamanis produce artava in girls)

– 2 dhamanis provide within the testes delivery sukra (the similar choice of dhamanis do away with artava in girls)

– 2 dhamanis are hooked up to the colon and assist in expelling the feces

– 8 dhamanis provide sweat to the tiryak dhamanis

Thus, the thirty branches of adhoga dhamanis were described.

These dhamanis improve and handle the portions of the frame under the umbilicus together with massive gut, pelvis, urinary bladder, rectum, anus, penis and legs. The adhoga dhamanis carry out a majority of these discussed purposes during the lifestyles.

Tiryaggā Dhamanī – arteries spreading transversely,

तिर्यग्गाःसंप्रवक्ष्यामिकर्मचासांयथायथम् ॥८॥
तिर्यग्गाणंतुचतसृणांधमनीनामेकैकाशतधासहस्रधाचोत्तरोत्तरंविभज्यन्ते, तास्त्वसङ्ख्चेयाः, ताभिरिदंशरिरंगवाक्षितंविबद्धमाततंच, तासांमुखानिरोमकूपप्रतिबद्धानि, यैःस्वेदमभिवहन्तिरसंचाभैतर्पयन्त्यर्बहिश्च, तैरेवचाभ्यङ्गपरिषेकावगाहालेपनवीर्याण्यन्तःशरीरमप्रतिपद्यन्तेत्वचि, विपक्वानि, तैरेवचस्पर्शंसुखमसुखंवागृह्णीते, तास्त्वेताश्चतधोधमन्यःसर्वाङ्गगताःसविभागाव्याख्याताः ॥९॥

Functions of the dhamanis spreading sideward / transversely –

The Tiryagga Dhamanis which can be 4 in quantity and spreading sideward / transversely, improve and handle the purposes of the frame by way of getting to the under discussed purposes –

Each one of the vital 4 dhamanī spreads sideward (transversely) successively divided into loads and 1000’s of branches. In this fashion their branches are innumerable.

The complete frame seems to be filled with home windows by way of the presence of those tiryagga dhamanis. These dhamanis are knit in combination extensively. The openings of those transversely spreading dhamanis are hooked up to the hair follicles. These dhamanis put across sweat to the outside of the frame (pores and skin) and likewise put across rasa to each, i.e. to the inner and external of the frame.

The energetic efficiency and medicinal homes of medications utilized in abhyanga, dhara, lepa and so on get processed by way of the warmth within the pores and skin and input into the inner of the frame via those tiryagga dhamanis handiest.

It is handiest via those tiryagga dhamanis that each relaxed and uncomfortable sensations of contact are perceived by way of the frame.

Thus, the 4 tiryagga dhamanis at the side of their branches which unfold during the frame and their purposes were described.

Analogy of lotus stalk and tuber to provide an explanation for absorption of vitamins into the dhamanis

यथा स्वभावतः खानि मृणालेषु बिसेषु च ॥
धमनीनां तथा खानि रसो यैरुपचीयते ॥१० ॥

Acharya explains the anatomy of dhamanis with analogy of lotus stalk and tuber. We can see that by way of nature, the flower stalk and tuber of the lotus plant has many minute pores. Similarly, a couple of minute pores are provide within the dhamanis additionally. Through those openings, the rasa will get greater (on account of being absorbed via those minute areas / pores).

Relation between Dhamanis and Pancha Indriyas

पञ्चाभिभूतास्त्वथ पञ्चकृत्वः पञ्चेन्द्रियं पञ्चसु भावयन्ति ॥
पञ्चेन्द्रियं पञ्चसु भावयित्वा पञ्चत्वमायान्ति विनाशकाले ॥११ ॥ १.स. नि.१५–१० च स १२

The dhamanis are composed of Pancabhutas. They pervade the Panca indriyas, 5 occasions i.e. as soon as in each and every indriya. After thus uniting the panca indriyas with the panca indriyarthas, those reach pancatva i.e. merge into the 5 components on the time of loss of life of the frame.

Srotas Vivarana – description of tissue pores, channels and so on

अत ऊर्ध्वं स्रोतसां मूलविद्धलक्षणमुपदेक्ष्यामः ।
तानि तु प्राणान्नोदकरसरक्तमां समेदोमूत्रपुरीषशुक्रार्तववहानि,येष्वधिकारः;एकेषां बहूनि एतेषां विशेषा बहवः ।
तत्र प्राणवहे द्वे,तयोर्मूलं हृदयं रसवाहिन्यश्च धमन्यः,तत्र विद्धस्याक्रोशनविनमनमोहनभ्रमणवेपनानि मरणं वा भवति;अन्नवहे द्वे,तयोर्मूलमामाशयोऽन्नवाहिन्यश्च धमन्यः,तत्र किद्धस्याध्मान शूलोऽन्नद्वेषश्छर्दिः पिपासाऽऽन्ध्यं मरणं च;उदकवहे द्वे,तयोर्मूलं तालुक्लोम च,तत्र विद्धस्य पिपासा सद्योमरणं च;रसवहे द्वे,तयोर्मूलं हृदयं रसवाहिन्यश्च धमन्यः,तत्र विद्धस्य शोषः प्राणवहविद्धवच्च मरणं तल्लिङ्गानि च;रक्तवहे द्वे,तयोर्मूलं यकृत्प्लीहानौ रक्तवाहिन्यश्च धमन्यः,तत्र विद्धस्य श्यावाङ्गता ज्वरो दाहः पाण्डुता शोणितागमनं रक्तनेत्रता च;मांसवहे द्वे,तयोर्मूलं स्नायुत्वचं रक्तवहाश्च धमन्यः,तत्र विद्धस्य श्वयथुर्मासशोषः सिराग्रन्थयो मरणं च;मेदोवहे द्वे,तयोर्मूलं कटी वृक्कौ च,तत्र विद्धस्य स्वेदागमनं स्निग्धाङ्गता तालुशोषः स्थूलशोफता पिपासा च;मूत्रवहे द्वे,तयोर्मूलं बस्तिर्मेद्रं च,तत्र विद्धस्यानद्धबस्तिता मूत्रनिरोधः स्तब्धमेढ़ता च;पुरीषवहे द्वे,तयोर्मूलं पक्वाशयो गुदं च,तत्र विद्धस्यानाहो दुर्गन्धता ग्रथितान्त्रता च;शुक्रवहे द्वे,तयोर्मूलं स्तनौ वृषणौ च,तत्र विद्धस्य क्लीबता चिरात् प्रसेको रक्तशुक्रता च;आर्तववहे द्वे,तयोर्मूलं गर्भाशय आर्तववाहिन्यश्च धमन्यः,तत्र विद्धाया वन्ध्यात्वं मैथुनासहिष्णुत्वमार्तवनाशश्च;सेवनीच्छेदागुजाप्रादुर्भावः;बस्तिगुदविद्धलक्षणं प्रागुक्तमिति । स्रोतोविद्धं तु प्रत्याख्यायोपचरेत्,उद्धृतशल्यं तु क्षतविधानेनोपचरेत् ॥१२ ॥

After this, the srotas – channels of the frame will probably be described. At the similar time, the indications produced when those srotas get injured at their roots (puts of beginning) can be described.

These srotas are chargeable for transportation of many stuff within the frame. They come with –

– Prana – air

– Anna – meals

– Udaka – water

– Rasa – vitamins, plasma

– Rakta – blood

– Mamsa – muscle tissues

– Meda – fats

– Mutra – urine

– Purisa – feces

– Sukra – semen

– Artava – menstrual blood

Only those channels will probably be defined right here as a result of those handiest are related right here in Salya Tantra i.e. faculty of surgical operation.

Some different government opine that srotas are many in quantity and their types also are innumerable.

Further;

Name of the srotas

Mula – roots, leader organs and constructions similar

Effect of damage

PranavahaSrotas – channels chargeable for transportation of air, lifestyles component (respiratory)

2 in quantity

Hrdaya – middle

Rasavahidhamanis – arteries sporting rasa dhatu

Crying with ache

Bending of the frame

Delusion – lack of awareness,

Giddiness

Tremors

Death

AnnavahaSrotas – channels chargeable for transportation of meals,

2 in quantity

Amashaya – abdomen

Annavahinidhamani – arteries / ducts sporting meals

Flatulence

Pain within the stomach

Aversion to meals

Vomiting

Thirst

Blindness and

Death

UdakavahaSrotas – channels chargeable for transportation of water,

2 in quantity

Talu – palate

Kloma – pancreas

Profound thirst

Instant loss of life

RasavahaSrotas – channels chargeable for transportation of rasa – nutrient tissue,

2 in quantity

Hrdaya – middle

RasavahiniDhamanis – arteries / ducts sporting rasa

Emaciation

Symptoms of damage to PranavahaSrotas

Death

RaktavahaSrotas – channels chargeable for transportation of blood tissue,

2 in quantity

Yakrit – liver

Pliha – spleen

RaktavahiDhamanis – arteries sporting blood

Bluish colour of frame

Fever

Burning sensation

Anemia

Hemorrhage

Redness of eyes

MamsavahaSrotas – channels chargeable for conveying muscular tissues

2 in quantity

Snayu – ligaments

Tvacha – pores and skin

RaktavahiDhamanis – arteries sporting blood

Swelling

Emaciation / losing of muscle tissues

Tumors of veins

Death

MedovahaSrotas – channels chargeable for sporting fats tissue,

2 in quantity

Kati – waist

Vrkkau – two kidneys

Excessive sweating

Unctuousness of the frame,

Dryness of the palate

Obesity,

Swelling and

Severe thirst

MutravahaSrotas – channels chargeable for sporting / voiding urine,

2 in quantity

Basti – urinary bladder

Medhra – penis

Enlargement of bladder,

Obstruction to urination

Stiffness / lack of motion of the penis

PurisavahaSrotas – channels chargeable for sporting / voiding feces,

2 in quantity

Pakvasaya – massive gut

Guda – rectum

Distension of stomach

Bad scent

Knotting of intestines

SukravahaSrotas – channels chargeable for sporting semen,

2 in quantity

Stanau – 2 breasts

Vrsanau – testes

Impotence,

Delayed ejaculation

Ejaculation of semen combined with blood

ArtavavahaSrotas – channels chargeable for sporting menstrual blood,

2 in quantity

Garbhashaya – uterus

Artavavahidhamanis – arteries / ducts sporting menstrual blood

Sterility

Intolerance to copulation

Loss of menstrual blood (amenorrhea)

Sevani Cheda – When sevani i.e. raphae is injured it reasons ache.

Basti Guda Viddha – the indications led to because of damage to the urinary bladder and rectum were described previous.

The doctor must first intimate concerning the incurability of damage to the srotas to the caretakers of the affected person after which begin the remedy for a similar. Arrow or every other international frame must be first got rid of after which handled at the traces of treating a wound.